Journal: Environmental microbiology reports

Article Title: Ecology and Pathogenicity for Honey Bee Brood of Recently Described Paenibacillus melissococcoides and Comparison With Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.

doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70089

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 | Survival profile of in vitro reared larvae inoculated at the first instar stage with three isolates of Paenibacillus melissococcoides, and one isolate each of Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus and Melissococcus plutonius, compared with non-inoculated control larvae. The sample size is indicated in the legend. The asterisks represent significant differences between the groups' survival curves (log-rank tests, p < 0.05, Table S2).

Article Snippet: Three P. melissococcoides isolates, 1.2, 2.1 and 3.2 (Ory et al. 2023), and two closely related Paenibacillus species, P. dendritiformis LMG 21716 (type strain, provided by BCCM LMG) and P. thiaminolyticus DSM 7262 (type strain, provided by DSMZ GmbH) were cultivated on basal medium Petri dishes for four days at 36°C under oxic conditions as recommended in Ory et al. (2023).

Techniques: In Vitro, Control

Journal: Environmental microbiology reports

Article Title: Ecology and Pathogenicity for Honey Bee Brood of Recently Described Paenibacillus melissococcoides and Comparison With Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.

doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70089

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 | Location of apiaries screened for Paenibacillus melissococcoides in the period 2005–2021 in Switzerland. The number of apiaries an- alysed per year and symptom status is indicated next to the corresponding symbol in the legend: Circles correspond to screened apiaries with EFB- symptomatic colonies, triangles to screened apiaries with asymptomatic colonies, and squares to idiopathic cases. Colours represent the different years. In many occasions, apiaries screened were so close to each other that their symbols overlap completely.

Article Snippet: Three P. melissococcoides isolates, 1.2, 2.1 and 3.2 (Ory et al. 2023), and two closely related Paenibacillus species, P. dendritiformis LMG 21716 (type strain, provided by BCCM LMG) and P. thiaminolyticus DSM 7262 (type strain, provided by DSMZ GmbH) were cultivated on basal medium Petri dishes for four days at 36°C under oxic conditions as recommended in Ory et al. (2023).

Techniques:

Journal: Environmental microbiology reports

Article Title: Ecology and Pathogenicity for Honey Bee Brood of Recently Described Paenibacillus melissococcoides and Comparison With Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.

doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70089

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 | Paenibacillus melissococcoides pathogenicity to honey bee brood. (A) Assay design and corresponding steps of the Koch's postulates (in bold) testing the pathogenicity of P. melissococcoides at the individual level. Also shown are the results of MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry identi- fication (column ‘organism’) of P. melissococcoides after sequential isolation and re-isolation from larvae that died following inoculation with isolate 1.2 (column ‘strain’). Score value interpretation: 3.000–2.300: Highly probable species identification; 2.299–2.000: Secure genus identification, prob- able species identification; 1.999–1.700: Probable genus identification; 1.699–0.000: Unreliable identification. (B) Survival profile of in vitro reared larvae inoculated at first instar stage with P. melissococcoides 1.2, which was reisolated from a previously inoculated dead fifth instar larva. Survival was compared with non-inoculated control larvae. The sample size is indicated in the legend. The asterisk represents a significant difference between the groups' survival curves (log-rank test).

Article Snippet: Three P. melissococcoides isolates, 1.2, 2.1 and 3.2 (Ory et al. 2023), and two closely related Paenibacillus species, P. dendritiformis LMG 21716 (type strain, provided by BCCM LMG) and P. thiaminolyticus DSM 7262 (type strain, provided by DSMZ GmbH) were cultivated on basal medium Petri dishes for four days at 36°C under oxic conditions as recommended in Ory et al. (2023).

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Isolation, In Vitro, Control

Journal: Environmental microbiology reports

Article Title: Ecology and Pathogenicity for Honey Bee Brood of Recently Described Paenibacillus melissococcoides and Comparison With Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.

doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70089

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 | Survival profiles of in vitro reared larvae inoculated with Paenibacillus melissococcoides 3.2 and of non-inoculated control larvae. (A) Dose dependence: One-day-old larvae inoculated on the first day of rearing with different doses of P. melissococcoides (in CFUs) and controls. (B) Age dependence: One-, three- and five-day-old larvae inoculated with 2 × 105 P. melissococcoides bacteria (arrows), respectively, and controls. The sample size is indicated in the legend. Different letters to the right of the curves indicate significant differences in the survival of the tested dose and age groups (pairwise log-rank tests, Bonferroni-Holm corrected, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Three P. melissococcoides isolates, 1.2, 2.1 and 3.2 (Ory et al. 2023), and two closely related Paenibacillus species, P. dendritiformis LMG 21716 (type strain, provided by BCCM LMG) and P. thiaminolyticus DSM 7262 (type strain, provided by DSMZ GmbH) were cultivated on basal medium Petri dishes for four days at 36°C under oxic conditions as recommended in Ory et al. (2023).

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Bacteria